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- The subject matter of part -1 is the nature of Indian Political union and its territory.
| Article 1 1. (1) India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.[(2) The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule]*.(3) The territory of India shall comprise-(a) the territories of the States;[(b) the Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and]**(c) such other territories as may be acquired.——————–* Subs. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 2, for cl. (2)** Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for sub-clause (b) |
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Article 1 : Name and Territory of the union
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- Article 1.1 : India that is Bharat, shall be a union of states.
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- The union will have two names:
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- Bharat: The name by which we know ourselves.
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- India: The name by which the world knows us.
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- The union will have two names:
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- India will be a Union & NOT federation
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- Federation:-
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- In a federation, a country is created out of pre-existing states :-
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- The state identity is larger than the federal identity.
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- The state can break out of a federation.
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- In a federation, a country is created out of pre-existing states :-
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- Federation:-
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- India will be a Union & NOT federation
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- Article 1.1 : India that is Bharat, shall be a union of states.
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- Union :-
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- Union is country where state are carved out for :-
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- Administrative convenience.
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- To fulfill the aspiration of people.
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- Nation Identity is far bigger than a state identity.
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- Union is country where state are carved out for :-
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- Union :-
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- Article 1.2
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- The list of Indian territory can be found in Schedule 1.
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- Article 1.2
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- Article 1.3
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- The territory of India shall comprise of :-
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- Territory of states
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- Territory of UTs
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- Territory not yet part of union.
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- This provision opens the door for future addition to the union.
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- Territory not yet part of union.
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- The territory of India shall comprise of :-
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- Article 1.3
| Article 2 Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit. |
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Article 2: Parliaments Power To Establish & Admit
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- The constitution provides two power to the parliament (only parliament) :-
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- Establishment of new states outside the union.
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- Admit it into the union.
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- The constitution provides two power to the parliament (only parliament) :-
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| Article 3 Parliament may by law-(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;(b) increase the area of any State;(c) diminish the area of any State;(d) alter the boundaries of any State;(e) alter the name of any State. |
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Article 3: Parliament’s Power to Reorganize
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- The Constitution empowers the parliament to make all possible changes to the existing states & UTs of the union. Such as :-
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- Biforecating one state into smaller or multiple
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- Joining smaller state to form a bigger one
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- Changing boundary
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- Changing the name of states
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- Changing States into UTs.
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- The Constitution empowers the parliament to make all possible changes to the existing states & UTs of the union. Such as :-
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| Article 4(1) Any law referred to in article 2 or article 3 shall contain such provisions for the amendment of the First Schedule and the Fourth Schedule as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to representation in Parliament and in the Legislature or Legislatures of the State or States affected by such law) as Parliament may deem necessary.(2) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368. |
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Article 4: Art 2 & 3 can be used easily
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- The use of power vested in article 2 and 3 will not be considered and amendment under article 368.
- The presence of article 4 makes the use of article 2 and 3 easier.
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